Feeding birds year-round can support their populations not only in winter, but also during seasons when natural food sources may be limited or unstable. The annual Big Garden Birdwatch initiative in the United Kingdom has shown longterm declines in the numbers of certain garden bird species (e.g., sparrows, tits, and starlings), which indicates environmental pressure on these populations. Providing seasonally appropriate feed throughout the year may reduce the risk of energy deficiencies, limit the effects of periodic shortages of natural insects and seeds, and support bird condition during key periods such as breeding and molting. At the same time, year-round feeding may contribute to greater stability of local bird populations and support their presence in gardens and urban areas, which benefits biodiversity.